• Cov ntaub nplaum hlau hlau: nws hais txog qhov uas nws tau muab cov nplaum ntawm cov thawv nplaum, thiab cov tswv tsheb tau yooj yim muab tshuaj txhuam rau lawv ntawm lub tsheb tsim nyog lub cev .
Subdivided cov npe los ntawm kev siv
• Cov ntawv nplaum hlau: Hlau cov ntawv nplaum tau tshwj xeeb rau cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov qauv hlau, lossis cov tub rog tsheb rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab qhia tus xeeb ceem {}}
• Txawb xov tooj ntawm tes hlau: Hlau daim ntawv nplaum siv los dai cov duab ntawm lub xov tooj hlau, xws li cov tub ntxhais ntxhais cov duab tas li, ua kom lub xov tooj ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntau dua ({2}}
• Khoom siv hauv tsev: Hlau logos lossis cov khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, lossis cov khoom plig rau cov khoom plig rau hauv nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, cov ntawv nplaum hlau nrog cov khoom plig nyiaj so koobtsheej tau txuas rau qee qhov khoom plig hnub so kom zoo nkauj thiab kev lom zem ntawm cov khoom plig {}}
Xa kev nug